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Clev. Code – Vulnerability Research, Exploit Development, Reverse- Engineering/* * Linux/x. CVS < = v. 1. 1. Since there is no check that makes sure * that any arguments have actually been added, it is possible * to append data to the argument. When the * next chunk is free, it will expand into that. If the next chunk * is in use, it will allocate a new chunk with the requested size * and free() the old one after copying its contents to the new. When CVS reads EOF on stdin, the * error. Well, since the error.
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To affect the consolidation * in free() and abuse unlink() to overwrite arbitrary memory we need * to control the size- and prev. Right before the * error. Unless there were other free chunks of the same * size available, error. The minimum valid chunk size with glibc- 2.
Thus, the original chunk * has room enough for three 4- byte- pointers. Fastbins are * single- linked- lists (only the chunks fd- pointer is used) instead of * double- linked- lists like larger bins, and the PREV.
To do this, we must first make the * chunks be consolidated with each other. They are * only consolidated in a function named malloc. The size of the * NOP- sled (6. CVS- binaries I have tested, e.
The chunk with the entire * line is free()'d afterwards though and can therefore be reused and * partially overwritten. I use it as the fd- or bk- pointer) get overwritten, I use * . This is actually why I used . Sometimes it gets occupied by the CVS- root, * e. I solve this * problem by sending a . This is * solved by sending the same . I was able * to exploit the same binary when I executed it from the the command line * with the same arguments it is started with via inetd though, so the binary * itself was exploitable.
This would not * normally affect the heap layout, but can do so indirectly in this case * since cvs uses setenv()/putenv() which will realloc() a char**- pointer * to hold an array with the environment string pointers. Another difference * (the only other relevant difference that I can think of) is how much data * is read with each call to read() in CVS and how that affects the buffering * subsystem. The latter could be manipulated remotely while the former * can not. If it is free, or if it's possible to * make it be free()'d, an exploit is possible. With * glibc == 2.
I developed myself. This makes it * impossible to use small negative numbers to make . Note that neither prev. This is usually not the case though, and it is not the case here. The * distance between the heap and the stack is so huge that there will be * no NUL- bytes in the number then. This technique can usually not be used * reliably for anything but local exploits, but note that it's not * necessary to be able to embed anything in the stack, it's enough to * bruteforce a stack location that does not trigger forward consolidation * (for instance any address that points 4 bytes before a 3.
Either we can make it point to any chunk * that resides after a busy chunk (so the PREV. If we point it into another chunk we control the contents of * we might want to get that unlink(): ed too so we can overwrite multiple * addresses for each free(). This is how it works: * * write(1, .
As you can see it is a simple monoalphabetic * substitution cipher, so sniffed pserver- passwords are trivial * to decode. That chunk will be used to store the value of the * X- variable sent below. Since we know its offset from the * error. For * glibc < 2. This will consolidate * the old error.
Note that the 3 least significant * bytes used are not used, so - 8 is the lowest negative * offset we could have used. Thus, assuming the fake * chunk is called p and nextchunk is called n, we must: * * - Set p- > size so p + p- > size is a valid address. Thus, achieving multiple overwrites with * a single free() in this case (by making sure nextchunk * is unlink(): ed too) would force us to point nextchunk * outside this buffer and therefore rely more heavily on * a specific heap layout to be met. Feel free to add this feature if you feel * like it. Each line read * by CVS is first stored in a temporary and dynamically * allocated buffer. If we don't write more data * to the line, the entire line is small enough to * be stored in the chunk we want to overwrite and * if that happens we're in trouble.
The error message includes * the chunk address, which makes for a nice info- leak too in this * case. CVS is started via inetd, so everything written to stdout and * stderr can be read. In this case I think bruteforcing * a return address is more convenient that bruteforcing a * GOT- entry or .
To extract the dtors- address * you could use: * * objdump - x /path/to/cvs . You should * get a shell on the first attempt, or the exploit has failed * for some reason (e. Shell bound at port %lu\n.